Pivoting Marine Compass

Attributes and Applications of Jewel Bearings in Precision Instruments

A jewel bearing can be defined as a simple bearing wherein a metal spindle rotates in a pivot hole with jewel lining. The hole is usually formed like a torus (a ring-shaped surface) and is marginally bigger than the diameter of the shaft. The jewel material is generally sapphire or ruby. Jewel bearings are employed in precision instruments, but their most prominent application is in mechanical watches.

Invented in the year 1704 for use in watches, jewels were originally made of diamond, ruby, sapphire, and garnet. In 1902, a process to produce synthetic ruby and sapphire was devised to make jeweled bearings much more low-priced. Nowadays, the majority of jeweled bearings are synthetic ruby or sapphire. You can also find the use of these materials as ruby or sapphire ball, orifice, window and feed through insulator.

In the past, jewel pivots were manufactured by grinding with the help of diamond abrasive. The present-day jewel pivots are frequently manufactured utilizing high-power lasers, chemical engraving, and supersonic milling.

Various advantages of jewel bearings comprise great preciseness, very diminutive size and mass, low and unsurprising friction, good temperature steadiness, and the capability to function with no lubrication and in corrosive conditions. They are recognized for their low level of static friction and extremely constant dynamic friction. The static coefficient of friction of brass on steel is 0.35, while that of sapphire on steel is 0.10 to 0.15.

Surfaces made of sapphire are very sturdy and long-lasting, with hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale and can sustain smoothness even after decades of usage, thereby bringing down variance in friction. The downsides include fragility (firm but easily broken), limited availability, fixed applicability in big and mid-size bearings and capabilities, and friction variances in case the load is not axial.

As mentioned earlier, the most prominent application for a jewel bearing is in mechanical watches, where their little and unsurprising friction enhances watch precision. A usual representation of watch quality was the presence of 17 jewels. More number of bearings is often intended better accuracy. However, a number of manufacturers incorporated non-operational or unneeded jewels to render the effect of accuracy. Several watches had up to 100 jewels; the majority of them were useless.

These days, jewel bearings are also employed extensively in sensitive measuring equipment. They are normally applied in very petite uses, like high-precision instruments. These include energy meters, water meters, marine compasses, gauges, voltmeters, temperature controller, aircraft instruments, flow meters, etc.

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